Legend

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Genetics

Colors And Patterns

Legend:
Type 1 - Genes that express a dominant or a recessive relationship when paired. The
effect of the dominant gene is observable in color and fins. The recessive gene is normally
not observed unless it is paired with a similar recessive gene.
Type 2 - Genes that interfere with each other when paired. An example is the pairing
of Green & Steel Blue to produce blue.
Abbreviations for that gene follow it's type in the parenthesis.

Layer	Mutations/Type/Symbol	Descriptions
Yellow	Currently No Known Mutations Exist	This is the innermost layer. This is nearly always covered by other layers and is very pale with no observable color. This is not to be confused with the Non-Red yellows.
Red	See Below	Prevalent in the anal, ventral and caudal fins. Unless the fish is completely red, this is considered a major fault.
------------>	Extended Red (Type One-Er)	More intense red that spreads across the body as well as the fins in equal density. Dominant over normal red.
------------>	Non Red (Type One-nr)	Red is replaced by yellow. Recessive to both Normal Red and Extended Red
------------>	Orange (Type One-nr2)	This is fairly new, and rare color. Gilbert Limhengco is the most well known for working on this strain.
------------>	Red Loss (Type One-L)	Initial red disappears partially or completely as the fish matures. Common in some marbles. Dominant over Normal Red.
------------>	Variegated Fins Butterfly Pattern (Type 1-vf)	Clear to white areas occur in fins where red is usually predominant. Dominant over Non-Butterfly, but variably expressible. Many people now believe it is related to the marble gene. Many marble spawns produce fish that have butterfly patterns and streaked fins.
Black	See Below
------------>	Melano (Type 1-m)	Black is very intense, dark and extensive. Melano females are incapable of producing viable offspring. Recessive to Normal Black
------------>	Blond (Type 1-b)	The density of the black is greatly reduced. Recessive to Normal Black. Not to be confused with yellow (Non-Red) Bettas.
------------>	Cambodian (Type 1-c)	The density of the black is greatly reduced. Recessive to Normal Black. Not to be confused with yellow (Non-Red) Bettas.
------------>	Marble (Type 1-mb)	Black is of varying density which can change over time. Marbled Bettas can change throughout their whole life. Dominance and recessive have not been completely determined. It is an interesting and fun gene. Produces fertile black females but is less dense than the Melanos.
------------>	Piebald (Type 1-)	Black is lacking in the head area causing a flesh colored face. Very popular and striking. It is no longer considered a marble on it's own. A simple Piebald can no longer be entered as a marble in the IBC Shows.
------------>	Black Lace (Type 1-)	Black is prevalent throughout, but weakest in the abdominal area and caudal fin. Produces fertile black females but is less dense than the Melanos.
Green	B1B1 - Green (Turquoise)	Prevalent in the body area posterior to the head and the bases of fins. True grass greens are hard to come by. They are preferred over turquoise in shows.
Green	B1b1 - Royal Blue
------------>	Spread Iridocytes (Type 1 & 2*-Si)	Allows iridocytes to be present in a denser amount over the body, whether they are green, steel, or royal. *Interferes with Steel Blue, but functions as a Type 1 in being dominant over Normal Green.
------------>	Steel Blue (Type 2 - b1b1)	Green is replaced by Steel Blue. Iridescence is the same intensity as in the replaced green.
------------>	Opaque (Type 2 - Op)	An iridescent, milky color replaced or combines with Steel Blue. Effects are variable.