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Psalm 23 --
The Good Shepherd Acts 6:1-9; 7:2a, 51-60 --
Stephen Martyred 1 Peter 2:19-25 --
Following Jesus John 10:1-10 --
The Good Shepherd
Psalm:
Those who make
the Lord their shepherd will never be in want of any good,
necessary thing. The Lord will provide us with green pastures and
water which will restore our souls. He will lead us the way of
righteousness (doing what is right and good and true in
God's judgment) for his name's (his person, character, power and
authority's) sake.
Even though we travel through the
valley of spiritual darkness and physical death, we will fear no
evil, because his presence, power and protection will go with
us.
Even though surrounded by our enemies, the Lord will
provide lavishly for us and give us feasting and celebration by
his presence, in our enemies' view. He will anoint us with his
favor, and his generosity will overflow to us. We can be
assured that goodness and mercy will accompany us through all the
days of our lives and we will dwell in his house for eternity.
Acts:
In the days
after the first outpouring of the Holy Spirit upon the Church in
Jerusalem on the Day of Pentecost (Acts 2:1-13), “when the
disciples were [rapidly] increasing in number” (Acts 6:1), the
Hellenists (Jews who spoke Greek, or had adopted Greek customs,
before conversion to Christianity) complained that the Hellenist's
widows among them were being neglected in the daily distribution.
The Church in Jerusalem had adopted a communal style, sharing
their resources among the group. The Apostles told the whole group
to select seven individuals who were full of the indwelling Holy
Spirit, knowledge of the faith and of the Bible scriptures, and of
good reputation, to supervise the daily administration of the
church, so that the original Apostles (messengers; of the Gospel)
would be able to devote themselves to preaching the Gospel and
prayer. The group chose two with Hebrew names, Stephen and Philip,
and five with Greek names, Prochurous, Nicanor, Timon, Parmenas,
Nicolaus. These were consecrated by the Apostles by prayer and the
laying on of hands.
The Word of God, spread and the number
of disciples increased rapidly in Jerusalem, and even many of the
Jewish priesthood were converted.
Stephen was a man full
of faith and the Holy Spirit, and the grace (favor) and power of
the Lord, and did many miracles among the people. But some of the
members of the synagogue of freedmen (former Jewish or converted
slaves) and foreign Jews or proselytes (converts) from
Cyrene, Alexander, Cilicia and Asia argued with Stephen, and
brought him before the Sanhedrin, (the Jewish religious high
court; Acts 6:9-12).
Stephen responded to the charges
against him before the council. After reviewing the Biblical
history of the Jews, Stephen charged them with being stiff-necked
(proud and stubborn), with uncircumcised hearts and ears (as God's
Word declares; Exodus 33:3-5; Jeremiah 9:26; Romans 2:29). Stephen
charged them with following the behavior and example of their
ancestors, persecuting and killing the prophets of God. Their
ancestors had killed the prophets who foretold the coming of
the Messiah, God's promised Savior and eternal King, and now they
had persecuted the Messiah, Jesus, himself. The Jews had received
the Word of God by divine messengers, but had not kept it.
At
this the Jews were enraged, but Stephen told them he was
seeing a vision of the glory of God, in heaven, with Jesus at
God's right hand. At this they refused to listen any longer, and
they grabbed Stephen and dragged him out of the city, and they
stoned him to death. Those who participated in the stoning removed
their robes and piled them at the feet of Saul (of Tarsus; the
later Apostle Paul). As they stoned Stephen, Stephen knelt
and prayed that the Lord would receive his spirit and also forgive
those who were stoning him. Then he died.
1Peter:
The Apostle
Peter discipled new believers, telling them that they will be
rewarded by God if they suffer unjustly in accord with God's Word.
But we're not going to be rewarded for suffering abuse with
patience for doing what is unrighteous and deserving of
punishment. But those who do what is right and suffer for it will
have God's approval and favor. Christ is our example; he also
suffered unjustly for righteousness' sake, and we have been called
to follow his example.
Jesus was completely sinless, and
free from deceit. When he was reviled he didn't respond with
reviling; when suffering he didn't make threats. Instead he
entrusted his cause to God, the just and righteous judge. Jesus
suffered on the cross for our sins, so that we can be able to die
to sin and live according to righteousness. He was wounded for our
spiritual healing. We were all once like straying sheep, but now
we have returned to the Shepherd who is able to guard our souls.
John:
Jesus taught in
parables: stories of everyday experiences used to illustrate
spiritual truth. He said that the kingdom of God is like a
sheepfold. Those who enter by any other way than the door are
thieves and robbers. The shepherd of the sheep enters by the door,
and the door keeper knows the shepherd and lets him enter. The
sheep know their shepherd's voice, and their shepherd calls his
sheep by name and leads them in and out of the fold. They follow
their shepherd and he leads them because they know his voice. They
will not follow strangers because they do not know the strangers'
voices.
Jesus told this parable but the people did not
understand what he was saying, so Jesus used another parable.
Jesus told them that he is the true door of the sheepfold. Others
who have come before Jesus are thieves and robbers. In order to
enter the fold and be saved, and to go out and find pasture the
sheep must pass through Jesus. The thief comes only to steal, kill
and destroy; Jesus has come to give us true life, abundantly (now
and eternally).
Commentary:
God
promised in his Word to be the shepherd of his people (Jeremiah
31:10). David, the great human shepherd-king of Israel was a
prophet who had a close personal knowledge of and fellowship with
the Lord, as only a few select individuals had, before the coming
of Jesus Christ. David himself foreshadowed the Messiah by the
will and purpose of God, and David prophesied the coming of the
Good Shepherd, which was fulfilled in Jesus. David is the example
of one who made the Lord his Shepherd.
Only the Lord can
provide us with spiritual nurture and protection, spiritual food
and water, and the safety provided by the Good Shepherd and the
security of God's “sheepfold.”
Jesus is the Good
Shepherd who can lead us in the way of righteousness and eternal
life, by his teaching, example, and his indwelling Holy Spirit
within us. Only Jesus gives the gift of the indwelling Holy Spirit
(John 1:31-34), only to his disciples who trust and obey Jesus
(John 14:15-17). The Holy Spirit is the seal and guarantee that
one is in Christ and has eternal life (2 Corinthians 1:22;
Ephesians 1:13-14; Romans 8:9b, 11, 15-16).
This world is
a wilderness of spiritual darkness and death. Only Jesus can lead
us and protect us through it and bring us safely through physical
death to eternal life in God's heavenly kingdom.
In this
world we are surrounded by our spiritual enemies, sin
(disobedience of God's Word) and (eternal, spiritual) death which
are consequences of sin (Romans 6:23; see God's Plan of Salvation,
sidebar, top right). Only the Lord can abundantly bless us in the
midst of and in sight of our enemies. He is like a generous host,
who provides a great feast, an overflowing cup of celebration, and
the anointing of us by his favor and the gift of his indwelling
Holy Spirit, in the midst of struggle of life in this world. By
the gift of his indwelling Holy Spirit we are assured of his
presence and favor accompanying us throughout life, and the
conviction that beyond physical death we have eternal life in his
kingdom in heaven.
What God promised by the Old Testament
prophets he began to fulfill with the physical coming of his
promised Savior, Jesus Christ. Jesus' first coming, in human
flesh, made it possible for us to be spiritually cleansed by faith
in Jesus, whose crucifixion is the only sacrifice acceptable to
God for the forgiveness of our sin. Through Jesus' death and
resurrection, we are able to receive the gift of his indwelling
Holy Spirit, through whom we have personal knowledge of and
fellowship with the Lord that only a few, like David, had
before Jesus' coming.
The promise of the indwelling Holy
Spirit began to be fulfilled on the Day of Pentecost, the birthday
of the Church, and since then the spiritual birthday of every
truly “born-again” Christian.
The First Century Church
of the New Testament was the example of what the Church can and
should be, by the guidance and empowerment of the Holy Spirit
within its leaders and members. The “born-again” disciples
were fulfilling Jesus' Great Commission to his disciples to make
disciples and teach them to trust and obey all Jesus has taught,
as received directly by the original Apostles, and recorded in the
Bible (Matthew 28:19-20). The gift (“anointing,” “baptism”)
of the indwelling Holy Spirit was the reason that new “disciples”
were increasing so rapidly, and the reason that the teachings and
acts of spiritually mature “born-again” disciples, like
Stephen, revealed evidence of the supernatural power of the Lord
within and through them. No wonder that the number of disciples
was increasing rapidly and daily. Many even of the “religious
establishment,” who knew God's Word well, were being
converted.
The Hellenists represent Gentile Christians,
although preaching the Gospel to the Gentiles for the first
time didn't happen until later. The First Century Church
illustrated the love for one another through their communal
lifestyle, and their attention to the Hellenistic segment of their
congregation. The Hellenists felt they were being slighted, so
seven deacons were appointed to resolve the situation. Seven
“laymen” (symbolizing the full number necessary) were
appointed to rectify the situation, and to share in the work of
ministry; and five of seven were “Hellenists.” The Church was
“living” the Sermon on the Mount (Matthew 5:1-7:29; cf.,
Matthew 5:40-41). They sought the consecration and
empowerment of the Holy Spirit to accomplish their
duties.
Stephen was a “layman,” but he had faith,
knowledge of the Scriptures, and the indwelling Holy Spirit. He
was being led and empowered by the indwelling Holy Spirit. He
encountered opposition and persecution from the “rival”
“religion.”
Stephen proclaimed the Word of God to the
Jewish supreme court. He said nothing beyond the accurate Word of
God, but they were offended and enraged by it.
They proved
to be the descendants of their ancestors who had murdered God's
prophets, by murdering God's promised Messiah, and then by
murdering Stephen for telling them the truth and convicting them
of sin.
The Gospel of Jesus, proclaimed by their promised
Messiah, was not “popular” with those who considered
themselves the “chosen” people of God. The Gospel of Jesus
proclaimed by Jesus' disciples wasn't received any better. Stephen
was the first of many Christian disciples to be murdered for
proclaiming the Gospel. But Stephen claimed victory through faith
in Jesus and shared in Jesus' resurrection and eternal life.
Stephen was the example of suffering unjustly for the Word of
God.
Disciples of Jesus Christ are going to share Jesus'
suffering for the Gospel. But isn't suffering for righteousness
better than even an extravagantly indulgent worldly life, if only
to be followed by eternal misery and suffering, separated forever
from the source of life and every good thing?
Stephen is
our example of a disciple living according to the teaching and
example of Jesus Christ. He proclaimed God's Word without
compromise, and he repaid evil with good, praying for his enemies'
forgivenesses, and entrusted his cause to the Lord who is the
righteous judge.
Jesus came to teach us by word and
example to trust and obey God's Word. Jesus was willing to die
physically so that we could live eternally. He suffered for our
sins so that we could be forgiven and empowered to resist sin and
live in obedience to God's Word. He was wounded so that we could
be spiritually healed. We have all gone astray from God's will and
purpose, and Jesus came to seek and find us and restore us to God
who is able to restore, guard and preserve our souls.
There
aren't “many” ways to God. There is only one: Jesus Christ.
Other ways to God are conceived by mankind, as ways to manipulate
God to do our will, instead of learning to know and do God's will.
Those who seek and follow other ways are deceived and will be
ultimately eternally destroyed.
Is Jesus your Lord? Are
you Jesus disciple? Are you trusting and obeying Jesus? Have you
received the indwelling Holy Spirit since you first truly believed
(Acts 19:2)? Are you making disciples of Jesus Christ and teaching
them to obey all that Jesus commands (Matthew 28:18-20)? Do you
know with certainty where you will spend eternity (1 John 5:11-13;
Ephesians 1:13-14)?
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